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Known also as treaties of Munster and Osnabruck, The Peace of Westphalia is the series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War and officially recognised the United Provinces (Holland) and Swiss Confederation; The Spanish treaty which ended the 80 Years' War was signed on January 30 1648; the treaty signed October 24, 1648 signed by Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, the other German princes, France and Sweden; Netherlands gained independence from Spain ending the Eighty Years' War; Sweden gained Pomerania, Wismar, Bremen and Verden; power of Holy Roman Emperor was broken; Cardinal Mazarin de facto leader of France; Switzerland recognised as independent nation;
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The Swearing of the Oath of Ratification of the Treaty of Munster, 1648 (oil on copper) appears in: